首先创建一个Dockerfile，如下代码
FROM centos
VOLUME ["volume01","volume01"]
CMD echo "______END_____"
CMD /bin/bash
使用下方的命令进行镜像的创建
docker build -f dockerfile1 -t centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["volume01","volume01"]
---> Running in 1321ef34fb2d
Removing intermediate container 1321ef34fb2d
---> 90ed5459ae0d
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "______END_____"
---> Running in 2a94516292b8
Removing intermediate container 2a94516292b8
---> d933855a963c
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in e81cef4c228d
Removing intermediate container e81cef4c228d
---> 9e595d1ccf3a
Successfully built 9e595d1ccf3a
Successfully tagged centos:latest
在这个脚本中设置了挂载卷volume01/02可以在根目录中查看，在卷中创建文件后，可以使用docker查看卷的位置，找到文件。
stiller@ubuntu:~/file/dockerfiles$ docker inspect c1af39e400c6
[
{
"Id": "c1af39e400c6ee517c6aee1a420d74a783c1dab7e853c7bedc62958508f4d50c",
"Created": "2021-11-26T04:02:27.735198163Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"/bin/bash"
],
"State": {
"Status": "exited",
"Running": false,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 0,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-11-26T04:02:28.176543137Z",
"FinishedAt": "2021-11-26T04:04:15.970035165Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:9e595d1ccf3aa6b4bfdd8e8652cfad3fe52d4ab40f02ca863c19170f2ace1063",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c1af39e400c6ee517c6aee1a420d74a783c1dab7e853c7bedc62958508f4d50c/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c1af39e400c6ee517c6aee1a420d74a783c1dab7e853c7bedc62958508f4d50c/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c1af39e400c6ee517c6aee1a420d74a783c1dab7e853c7bedc62958508f4d50c/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c1af39e400c6ee517c6aee1a420d74a783c1dab7e853c7bedc62958508f4d50c/c1af39e400c6ee517c6aee1a420d74a783c1dab7e853c7bedc62958508f4d50c-json.log",
"Name": "/bold_poitras",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3a14d4d4408a13de17487a35498e097aec9233845b7aea55966b7cf5e5c96ee9-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/180d683c8b80a45bf5f381441bdf320b95b31eb22d049a7279d92acea256012f/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3a14d4d4408a13de17487a35498e097aec9233845b7aea55966b7cf5e5c96ee9/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3a14d4d4408a13de17487a35498e097aec9233845b7aea55966b7cf5e5c96ee9/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3a14d4d4408a13de17487a35498e097aec9233845b7aea55966b7cf5e5c96ee9/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "62c74284145066412da569785cc1965149de349f6e74a0c24836f30a556c9239",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/62c74284145066412da569785cc1965149de349f6e74a0c24836f30a556c9239/_data",
"Destination": "volume01",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "c1af39e400c6",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "9e595d1ccf3a",
"Volumes": {
"volume01": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "b10ca2af544fde54e50aad6dd940a1c5a3939094f05eecd04728e3f687e8e86f",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/b10ca2af544f",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "dddabe94335ab6d02ef72474204f0e091548943d4f1c7ec8b793e77626d28315",
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
通常在构建镜像时会选择这种方式进行数据卷之间的数据挂载，例如两个MySQL之间的数据交换，多个容器之间实现数据的共享。
stiller@ubuntu:/home$ docker run -it --name docker01 9e595d1ccf3a
[root@6e8b19d6320a /]# llstiller@ubuntu:/home$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6e8b19d6320a 9e595d1ccf3a "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 28 seconds ago Up 27 seconds docker01
0a4c8a24be40 portainer/portainer "/portainer" 21 hours ago Up 4 hours 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp elegant_khayyam
stiller@ubuntu:/home$ docker run -it --name docker02 --volumes-from docker01 9e595d1ccf3a
[root@13f85aa94d9e /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr volume01
[root@13f85aa94d9e /]# cd volume01/
[root@13f85aa94d9e volume01]# touch input01
stiller@ubuntu:/home$ docker attach docker01
[root@6e8b19d6320a /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr volume01
[root@6e8b19d6320a /]# cd volume01/
[root@6e8b19d6320a volume01]# cat input01
111111`111111`111111`111111`111111`111111`111111`111111`111111`111111`111111`
拷贝共享卷的概念，如果删除了容器1中的数据卷，其他基于这个容器创建的容器依旧可以访问此数据卷（实际上是拷贝的概念）
- 直接共享配置信息的传递，数据卷的生命周期一直到没有容器使用为止
- 一旦持久化到了本地数据，在这个时候本地的数据卷不会被删除
DockerFile的创建和使用
- 编写一个Dockerfile
- 使用docker build创建这个镜像跟随dockerfile
- 使用docker run命令运行容器
指令：
- 每一个保留关键字的指令都是大写字母
- 执行从上到下的顺序执行
- 每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层并提交
FROM #基础镜像来源
MAINTAINER #姓名+邮箱作者来源
RUN #镜像构建时运行的命令
ADD #添加的步骤，例如增加tomcat包
WORKDIR #镜像的工作目录 /
VOLUME #设置挂载卷
EXPOSE #指定暴露端口配置
CMD #指定这个容器启动时要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可以被替代
ENTRYPOINT #追加各种命令
ONBUILD #当构建一个被继承的Dockerfile会触发
COPY #从从文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV #构建设置环境变量
编写Dockerfile的文件
FROM centos
MAINTAINER STILLER<q575405657@hotmail.com>
ENV MYPATH /user/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "_____END_______"
CMD /bin/bash
docker build -f dockerfile-myCentos -t my-centos:0.1 .